English_for_Finance_and_Banking

THE GERUND. FORMS AND FUNCTIONS

Gerund	Active	Passive	Uses
Indefinite	reading	being read	The action expressed by the gerund: a)
She likes *reading.* She likes *being read.*
Perfect	having read	having been read
Thank you *for having helped me. I remember having been asked* this question.

Functions	Examples
Subject	Reading books is useful. Smoking is harmful. Reading love stories made her cry.
Predicative	His hobby is collecting stamps. The main thing is getting there in time. Seeing is believing.
Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate	She went on reading. She stopped smoking.
Direct Object	I couldn’t avoid speaking to her. The film is worth seeing. I don’t mind waiting.
Prepositional Object	I am fond of reading. He insisted on doing the work himself. I don’t like his habit of making people wait.
Attribute	All liked the idea of going to the country. I have no intention of discussing this question. There are different ways of solving this problem.
Adverbial Modifier	On entering the room he came up to me. He left the room without saying a word. Excuse me for being so late.

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