Present Indefinite – Past Indefinite

Present Continuous – Past Continuous

Дія залежного речення відбувається одночасно з дією головного.

Present Perfect – Past Perfect

Past Indefinite – Past Perfect

Дія залежного речення є попередньою до дії головного.

Future – Future-in-the Past

Дія залежного речення здійснюється після дії головного.

Sequence of Tenses

He lives in New York.

I thought that he lived in New York.

Одночасна дія

Mother is sleeping.

I knew that mother was sleeping.

Одночасна дія

He has returned from London.

I was told that he had returned from London.

Попередня дія

He bought a new car.

I heard that he had bought a new car.

Попередня дія

He will send us a letter.

I supposed that he would send us a letter.

Наступна дія

Непряма мова

При перекладі речень у непряму мову не забувайте застосовувати обставини часу, як вказано в таблиці

Direct speech

Indirect speech

today

yesterday

tomorrow

… ago

this …

here

last year

last month

last …

next …

that day

the day before

the next day

… before

that …

there

the year before

the month before

the … before

the following …

Indirect statements

He said

He told me

 “I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In the evening I study English”

that       he was an engineer and worked at a plant.

He added that he studied English in the evening.

He said

He told me

“I saw my friend yesterday”

that       he had seen his friend the day before.

He said

He told me

“We lived in Rome two years ago. My father worked there.”

that       they had lived in Rome two years before and explained that his father had worked there.

He said

He told me

“I shall tell you about it tomorrow.”

that       he would tell me about it the next day.

Indirect questions

Special questions

He asked (me)

He wanted to know

He wondered

“Where do you live?”

“Where does he work?”

“What is Nick doing?”

“What have you prepared for today?”

“When did you come home yesterday?”

“When will your mother come home?”

where I lived.

where he worked.

what Nick was doing.

what I had prepared or that day.

when I had come home the day before.

when my mother would come home.

General questions

He asked (me)

He wanted to know

He wondered

“Do you play chess?”

“Does she go to school?”

“Are you listening to me?”

“Have you done your homework?”

“Did you skate last winter?”

“Will you see your friend tomorrow?”

if

whether

I played chess.

she went to school.

I was listening to him.

I had done my homework.

I had skated the winter before.

I should see my friend the next day.

Запам’ятайте випадки, в яких інфінітив вживається без частки “to”:

після модальних дієслів;

після дієслів to let і to make;

в складному доповненні після дієслів сприйняття:

(to see, to hear, to feel, etc.);

після виразів I would rather …, You had better …

Форми інфінітиву

Active

Passive

Indefinite

to write

to be written

Continuous

to be writing

¾

Perfect

to have been written

to have been written

Perfect Continuous

to have been writing

¾